Physical sciences often overlap, such as organic chemistry in biological sciences.
Physical science is a term used to describe a number of natural sciences concerned with understanding matter, space, time, and natural processes in the physical world. Disciplines in the physical sciences often overlap. For example, chemistry and physics are physical sciences, usually distinguished from life sciences, but investigating biological phenomena would not be possible without understanding the physical workings which underpin them.
Chemistry
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Chemistry addresses both properties of matter and the ways matter interacts, combines and changes with other matter. Subgroups within chemistry include inorganic, organic, biochemistry and physical chemistry. Inorganic chemistry studies inorganic matter, whereas organic chemistry focuses on carbon-based matter. Biochemistry investigates the substances found within living things, and physical chemistry studies chemical processes. Lastly, analytical chemistry pays attention to the composition and structure of a substance. Chemistry is sometimes called the "central science" because it connects several other sciences, such as biology and physics.
Physics
Physics is the study of matter in space and time.
Physics involves the study of matter, energy, force and the motion of matter through space and time. Sometimes called the "fundamental science," physics looks at at everything from elementary particles -- quarks, neutrinos and electrons -- to galaxy clusters, in an attempt to understand and predict the order, structure and workings of nature and the universe as a whole. The two main branches of physics include experimental physics, concerned with the observation and experimentation of physical phenomena, and theoretical physics, which addresses physical phenomena using mathematical models and abstractions. The main sub-disciplines of physics include: condensed matter physics, atomic, molecular, optical, particle, astrophysics, geophysics and biophysics.
Geology
Geology is the study of earth substances, structures and processes.
Geology is the study of the earth's physical structure, substance, history and the processes that act upon it. The substances and structures that geology is concerned with include: rocks and minerals, metals, fossil fuels, ground water and landforms. Geology is also concerned with processes such as landslides, earthquakes, floods and volcanic eruptions. By looking at how the earth has changed over time, geologists can make predictions about the earth in the future.
Astronomy
Astronomy is the study of celestial objects outside of the Earth's atmosphere.
Like geology, astronomy is the study of substances, structures and processes, but is concerned with how these things function outside of the earth's atmosphere. Astronomy, one of the oldest sciences, deals with the study of stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies, as well as the forces that change them and the processes they undergo. The two major branches of astronomy include observational astronomy, which gathers data through observation, and theoretical astronomy, which makes predictions based on mathematical models and abstractions. Subgroups include solar, stellar, planetary and galactic astronomy.
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