Geologists often spend much of their time in the field conducting research.
Geologists study how the Earth and organisms on it have changed over time and the processes that influence these changes. Some geologists also work to discover deposits of useful mineral and natural resources like petroleum and water. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that geoscientists made an average salary of $79,160 in 2008 and that job opportunities will increase 18 percent -- faster than the average rate -- between 2008 and 2018.
Bachelor's Degree
Geologists need to earn at least a bachelor's degree from a four-year college. With a bachelor's degree a geologist can find positions working for the government or private industries. For example, a geologist might conduct studies for a mining company. Often a geologist with a bachelor's degree begins by working as a research assistant. Typically a geologist should earn his degree in geology, taking courses on geochemistry, natural resources, paleoecology and specialized areas like marine geology. Geologists typically learn to use technology like digital mapping and geographic information systems in their work as well, Degree Directory reports. However, some people do enter the profession through a related field. Some may study environmental engineering, mathematics or even computer sciences and find a job that allows them to gain experience in geological surveys or research. If they decide to continue in the field, they may ultimately go back to school for an advanced degree.
Master's Degree
A master's degree makes a geologist more competitive in the job field by proving she can conduct more advanced research. Research in a master's degree program doesn't need to be groundbreaking, but it can be. Many employers require that candidates hold a master's degree, which leads to positions of more responsibility. With a master's degree, a geologist can become a project leader and assume more direction for her work rather than simply following the instructions of a superior. Geologists who wish to specialize in research will almost certainly need to earn a master's degree.
Doctorate Degree
Geologists who wish to teach at colleges, especially the more prestigious ones, often need a doctorate degree. Upper-level research positions often require a doctorate as well, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports. In a doctorate program, geologists typically specialize in a particular area, such as marine geology, becoming experts in that field. They conduct new research that makes a valuable contribution to the field, and often gain teaching experience through graduate assistantships. Many geologists with doctorates often go on to work in university research and teaching positions.
State Requirements
Different states have their own restrictions about the licensing a geologist must have to work in certain positions. Thus, geologists should gain licensure in the state they wish to work in. This typically involves taking an examination after meeting the education and work requirements, reports the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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